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• Multiple Sclerosis International Federation

• About MS

  • About MS News
    • Read personal stories of MS from around the world
    • Young people with MS
    • MS in focus on young people with MS published
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    • Young people with MS survey results
  • What is MS?
  • Diagnosis
  • Symptoms
    • Introduction to symptoms
    • Fatigue
    • Cognition and emotional changes
    • Bladder, bowel and sexual problems
    • Pain
    • Movement and coordination problems
    • Vision issues
  • Causes
  • Treatments
    • Disease-modifying treatments
    • Treating MS symptoms
    • Complementary and alternative therapies
    • Other treatments
    • Clinical trials and treatment development
    • Rehabilitation
  • Types of MS
  • Day to day living with MS
    • Employment, education and MS
      • Employment and MS survey
    • Family life with MS
    • Keeping healthy
    • Relationships and intimacy
    • Telling people you have MS
    • Having MS and starting a family
  • Publications and resources
  • My story of MS
    • Alexia Zannettidou
    • Sean Hegarty
    • Hao Xiang
    • Artyom Golovin
    • Christelle Taute
    • Frederica Balzani
    • Hanin Hammoudeh
    • Li Ping

• Global MS Research

  • Latest MS research news
    • Spinal cord tract diffusion tensor imaging reveals disability substrate in demyelinating disease
    • The physical anthropometry, lifestyle habits and blood pressure of people presenting with a first clinical demyelinating event compared to controls: The Ausimmune study
    • Assessing the validity of a computer-generated cognitive screening instrument for patients with MS
    • Brain reserve and cognitive reserve in multiple sclerosis: What you've got and how you use it.
    • Clinical impact of early brain atrophy in clinically isolated syndromes
    • The effects of long-term interferon- beta-1b treatment on cognitive functioning in MS: a 16-year longitudinal study.
    • Safinamide and flecainide protect axons and reduce microglial activation in models of MS
    • Brain metabolic changes suggestive of axonal damage in radiologically isolated syndrome
    • Unemployment in MS: utility of the MS Functional Composite and cognitive testing
    • Cognitive impairment differs between primary progressive and relapsing-remitting MS
    • Reproduction and the risk of multiple sclerosis
    • Increased thyroid autoimmunity among women with MS in the postpartum setting
    • Breastfeeding is associated with lower risk for multiple sclerosis
    • A large-scale study of anxiety and depression in people with MS: A survey via the web portal of the UK MS Register
    • The Brazilian database on pregnancy in multiple sclerosis
    • Interferon beta for secondary progressive multiple sclerosis: a systematic review
    • Ginkgo biloba does not improve cognitive function in MS
    • Training in MS: influence of two different endurance training protocols on cytokine and neurotrophin concentrations
    • Vitamin D status predicts new brain magnetic resonance imaging activity in MS
    • Disease-modifying drugs for MS in pregnancy
    • Impact of sleep disorder treatment on fatigue in MS
    • Brain hemodynamic changes associated with chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency are not specific to MS and do not increase its severity
    • Sleep-disordered breathing in MS
    • A simple score for estimating the long-term risk of fracture in patients with MS
    • MRI correlates of disability in African Americans with MS
    • Automated determination of brain parenchymal fraction in MS
    • Neutralising antibodies are associated with a reduction of Interferon B efficacy during the treatment of Japanese MS patients
    • No MRI evidence of cortical lesions in neuromyelitis optica
    • Placebo-controlled phase 3 study of oral BG-12 for relapsing MS
    • Clinical relevance of serum natalizumab concentration and anti-natalizumab antibodies in MS
    • Subcortical atrophy and cognition: Sex effects in MS
    • Lisdexamfetamine dimesylate improves processing speed and memory in cognitively impaired MS patients: a phase II study
    • Scoring treatment response in patients with relapsing-remitting MS
    • ADvanced IMage Algebra (ADIMA): a novel method for depicting MS lesion heterogeneity, as demonstrated by quantitative MRI
    • Analysis of prognostic factors associated with longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis
    • Severe relapses under fingolimod treatment prescribed after natalizumab
    • Increase in MS activity after assisted reproduction technology
    • Imaging resting state brain function in MS
    • Characterisation of anti-natalizumab antibodies in MS patients
    • Multicontrast MR Imaging at 7T in MS: Highest Lesion Detection in Cortical Gray Matter with 3D-FLAIR
    • Low degree of cortical pathology is associated with benign course of MS
    • Randomised multicentre trial on safety and efficacy of rivastigmine in cognitively impaired MS patients
    • Cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers of B-amyloid metabolism in MS
    • Switching therapy from natalizumab to fingolimod in relapsing-remitting MS: clinical and magnetic resonance imaging findings
    • Evaluation of inner retinal layers in patients with MS or neuromyelitis optica using optical coherence tomography
    • Protein-protein interaction analysis highlights additional loci of interest for MS
    • Mechanisms of oxidative damage in MS and neurodegenerative diseases: therapeutic modulation via fumaric acid esters
    • Segmentation of magnetization transfer ratio lesions for longitudinal analysis of demyelination and remyelination in MS
    • Can the ABILHAND handle manual ability in MS?
    • Alemtuzumab for patients with relapsing MS after disease-modifying therapy: a randomised controlled phase 3 trial
    • Time to secondary progression in patients with MS who were treated with first generation immunomodulating drugs
    • A proposed modification to the McDonald 2010 criteria for the diagnosis of primary progressive multiple sclerosis
    • Multiple sclerosis: Oral BG12 for treatment of relapsing-remitting MS
    • The month of birth effect in multiple sclerosis: systematic review, meta-analysis and effect of latitude
    • Increased iron accumulation occurs in the earliest stages of demyelinating disease: an ultra-high field susceptibility mapping study in Clinically Isolated Syndrome
    • Long-term outcome of paediatric-onset multiple sclerosis: a population-based study
    • Serial proton MR spectroscopy of gray and white matter in relapsing-remitting MS
    • Heat sensitive persons with multiple sclerosis are more tolerant to resistance exercise than to endurance exercise
    • Impairment of JCV-specific T-cell response by corticotherapy: Effect on PML-IRIS management?
    • CSF inflammation and axonal damage are increased and correlate in progressive multiple sclerosis
    • Serum levels of IL-17A in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis treated with interferon-Beta
    • Axial 3D gradient-echo imaging for improved MS lesion detection in the cervical spinal cord at 3T
    • Cause of death in MS: long-term follow-up of a randomised cohort, 21 years after the start of the pivotal IFNβ-1b study
    • Location of brain lesions predicts conversion of clinically isolated syndromes to multiple sclerosis
    • MRI characteristics of familial and sporadic multiple sclerosis patients
    • Fingolimod treatment in multiple sclerosis leads to increased macular volume
    • MR imaging and cognitive correlates of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis patients with cerebellar symptoms
    • Spatial variability and changes of metabolite concentrations in the cortico-spinal tract in multiple sclerosis using coronal CSI
    • Long-term MRI findings in neuromyelitis optica: seropositive versus seronegative patients
    • Multiple Sclerosis: Validation of MR Imaging for Quantification and Detection of Iron
    • On the sex ratio of multiple sclerosis
    • Clinical effects of natalizumab on multiple sclerosis appear early in treatment course
    • Impaired social cognition in multiple sclerosis
    • Load-dependent dysfunction of the putamen during attentional processing in patients with clinically isolated syndrome suggestive of multiple sclerosis
    • Spinal cord quantitative MRI discriminates between disability levels in multiple sclerosis
    • Tumefactive demyelination: an approach to diagnosis and management
    • Renal deterioration in multiple sclerosis patients with neurovesical dysfunction
    • Epigenetic mechanisms in multiple sclerosis: implications for pathogenesis and treatment
    • Validation of the automated method VIENA: An accurate, precise, and robust measure of ventricular enlargement
    • The neural androgen receptor: a therapeutic target for myelin repair in chronic demyelination
    • Targeting ASIC1 in primary progressive multiple sclerosis: evidence of neuroprotection with amiloride
    • Interdependence and contributions of sun exposure and vitamin D to MRI measures in multiple sclerosis
    • Prevalence of brain MRI meeting Barkhof and McDonald criteria for dissemination in space among headache patients
    • A Web-based tool for personalised prediction of long-term disease course in patients with multiple sclerosis
    • Serial proton MR spectroscopy of gray and white matter in relapsing-remitting MS
    • An assay to quantify species-specific anti-JC virus antibody levels in MS patients
    • Assessing interactions between HLA-DRB1*15 and infectious mononucleosis on the risk of multiple sclerosis
    • A genome-wide association study of brain lesion distribution in multiple sclerosis
    • Cerebrospinal fluid oligoclonal bands in multiple sclerosis and clinically isolated syndromes: a meta-analysis of prevalence, prognosis and effect of latitude
    • Disability in multiple sclerosis: A reference for patients and clinicians
    • Cerebral white matter blood flow and energy metabolism in multiple sclerosis
    • Cerebrospinal fluid fetuin-A is a biomarker of active multiple sclerosis
    • The "central vein sign": is there a place for susceptibility weighted imaging in possible multiple sclerosis?
    • Magnetic resonance imaging outcomes from a phase III trial of teriflunomide
    • White-matter lesions drive deep gray-matter atrophy in early multiple sclerosis: support from structural MRI
    • Cognitive impairment in MS: Impact of white matter integrity, gray matter volume, and lesions
    • A new computerised cognitive test for the detection of information processing speed impairment in multiple sclerosis
    • Distinction of seropositive NMO spectrum disorder and MS brain lesion distribution
    • Casting light on multiple sclerosis heterogeneity: the role of HLA-DRB1 on spinal cord pathology
    • The changing clinical course of multiple sclerosis: A matter of grey matter
    • Timed 25-Foot Walk: Direct evidence that improving 20% or greater is clinically meaningful in MS
    • A comparative study of CSF neurofilament light and heavy chain protein in MS
    • Brain atrophy and lesion load predict long term disability in multiple sclerosis
    • Childhood body mass index and multiple sclerosis risk: a long-term cohort study
    • Epstein-Barr virus antibodies and vitamin D in prospective multiple sclerosis biobank samples
    • Low myo-inositol indicating astrocytic damage in a case series of NMO
    • Daclizumab high-yield process in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (SELECT): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
    • Wallerian and trans-synaptic degeneration contribute to optic radiation damage in multiple sclerosis: a diffusion tensor MRI study
    • Cognitive reserve and cortical atrophy in multiple sclerosis: a longitudinal study
    • Lipid profiles are associated with lesion formation over 24 months in interferon-beta treated patients following the first demyelinating event
    • Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is not linked to multiple sclerosis in a population based study
    • Hippocampal demyelination and memory dysfunction are associated with increased levels of the neuronal microRNA miR-124 and reduced AMPA receptors
    • Effect of 4-aminopyridine on vision in multiple sclerosis patients with optic neuropathy
    • Longitudinal seven-year follow-up of chronic pain in persons with multiple sclerosis in the community
    • The magnetic resonance imaging 'rule of five': predicting the occurrence of relapse
    • Increased thyroid autoimmunity among women with MS in the postpartum setting
    • Spinal cord tract diffusion tensor imaging reveals disability substrate in demyelinating disease
    • Brain reserve and cognitive reserve in MS
    • Lifestyle profile of people at the time of their first clinical demyelinating event: results from Ausimmune study
  • Main MS research areas
    • Neurobiology and immunology
    • MS genetics
    • Environmental factors and MS
    • Treatment, therapies and management
    • Stem cells, regeneration and repair in MS
    • Epidemiology of MS
    • Research into MS and quality of life
    • Diagnosis, monitoring and biomarkers
  • Challenges of MS research
  • MSIF Statement on CCSVI

• Global MS News

  • MSIF news
    • Revisions made to international paediatric MS criteria
    • MSIF visits the Lebanese MS Friends Society
    • World MS Day coverage
    • MSIF April 2013 Board and Committee meeting
    • World MS Day 2013 launched
    • 2013 Du Pre Grant Recipients
    • International Pediatric MS Study Group publishes important report on clinical trials in children with MS
    • 2013 Du Pré Grants open!
    • MSIF Young Researchers Award 2012
    • IMSB Chairman honoured for lifetime achievement
    • Life with MS in China
    • FC Barcelona President shows support for global MS movement
    • 2013 MSIF awards for people with MS and caregivers now open
    • MSIF launches Arabic e-newsletter
    • MSIF seeks a Head of International Fundraising
    • MSIF visits newest Member in Tunisia
    • International MS stem cell research project update
    • Du Pré Grant recipient presents her project at MSIF Alumni event
    • New MSIF advisory group of people with MS
    • Reminder: Have you completed the Atlas of MS update survey?
    • Atlas of MS Update
    • Strengthening the MS movement in China
    • MSIF China consultants visit Institute of Neurology and UK MS Society
    • Breaking down barriers together: MSIF, Ciwawa and MS/NMO China
    • Progressive MS meeting in Milan
    • 2011 Du Pré Grant Recipients
    • Getting ready for World MS Day 2013
    • Training MS organisations in the Arab region
    • Professor Stephen Hauser wins prestigious international award for research in multiple sclerosis
    • Take part in our cognition and MS survey
    • Something has changed around here
    • Second issue of Arabic e-newsletter now available for download
    • MS in focus issue on fatigue now available in Farsi
    • Call for international MS research awards nominations now open
    • MSIF April 2013 Board and Committee meeting
    • Two weeks until World MS Day
    • Seeking a Head of International Fundraising
  • News from MS organisations
    • EMSP Spring Conference
    • Obesity associated with increased risk of MS in girls
    • EMSP and RIMS Social Media Conference
    • MSSI Chennai - Ann Gonsalvez receives award
    • International Day for Persons with Disabilities
    • Campaign successes in Palestine
    • New MS oral drug available in the US
    • New Chief Executive for the European Multiple Sclerosis Platform
    • A journey to a diagnosis: Zuzanna from Poland tells her story in "MS in focus" magazine
    • Japanese MS Society hosts seminar
    • Change of name for Spanish MS Society
    • New MS documentary airs on CBC Radio
    • ‘Like fireworks in the morning’: Pavel Zlobin of ARMSS shares his account of the meteor crash that shook Russia
    • First results from NMSS-funded CCSVI study published
    • High-salt diets linked to autoimmune diseases
    • DTI may help monitor cognitive impairment in MS
    • New MS drug approved for use in the US
    • Japanese MS Society hosts second seminar
    • Australia MS Mud Run 2012 video now live
    • Meeting of MS Outcome Assessments Consortium and FDA clears pathway for new tool for clinical trials in MS, particularly progressive forms
    • Month of birth may influence risk of MS by promoting changes in immune system development
    • World Congress on Controversies in Neurology 2013

• About MSIF

  • What we do
  • Leading international MS research
    • Childhood MS
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    • Stem cells
    • Research awards, grants and fellowships
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  • Supporting MS organisations
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  • Find an MS organisation
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    • Association of Societies of people affected by MS - Bosnia and Herzegovina
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    • 'RENACER' Dominican Multiple Sclerosis Foundation
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    • MS-Saudi Forum
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    • Multiple Sclerosis Association of Lanka
    • Association for the Fight Against Multiple Sclerosis - Paraguay
    • Syrian Multiple Sclerosis Society
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    • The UAE MS Support Group
    • The Morocco Association for People Affected by MS
    • Multiple Sclerosis Research and Patients’ Welfare Trust
    • Venezuelan Multiple Sclerosis Association
    • Multiple Sclerosis Patients Society - Aden
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  • ما هو مرض التصلب العصبى المتعدد
  • MS in focus
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  • أسباب مرض التصلب العصبي المتعدد
  • عملية تلف المايلين

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  • 多发性硬化症的信息
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  • Che Cosa e' La Sclerosi Multipla (SM)?
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  • MS in focus
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