Allgemeine Übersichten

• Thompson AJ. Symptomatic treatment in multiple sclerosis. Curr Opin Neurol 1998; 11:305-309.
  
• Kesselring J, Thompson AJ. Spasticity, ataxia and fatigue in multiple sclerosis. In: Miller DH (ed). Bailliére's Clinical Neurology. International Practice and Research: Multiple Sclerosis. London: Bailliere Tindall, 1997.
  
• Schapiro RT, Baumhefner RW, Tourtellotte WW. Multiple sclerosis: A clinical viewpoint to management. In: Raine CS, McFarland HF, Tourtellotte WW. Multiple Sclerosis: Clinical and Pathogenetic Base. London: Chapman and Hall, 1997.
  

• Sheean G. Pathophysiology of spasticity. In: Sheean G (ed.). Spasticity Rehabilitation. Edinburgh: Churchill Communications Europe Ltd., 1998:17-38.
  
• Barnes MP. Local treatment of spasticity. In: Baillière's Clinical Neurology. Vol. 2. London: Baillière Tindall 1993:55-71.
  
• Thompson AJ. Spasticity rehabilitation: A rational approach to clinical management. In: Sheean G (ed.). Spasticity Rehabilitation. Edinburgh: Churchill Communications Europe Ltd., 1998:51-56.
  
• Paisley S, Beard S, Hunn A, Wight J. Clinical effectiveness of oral treatments for spasticity In multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler 2002; 8: 319 - 329
  
• Wagstaff AJ, Bryson HM. Tizanidine: A review of its pharmacology, clinical efficacy and tolerability in the management of spasticity associated with cerebral and spinal disorders. Drugs 1997; 53(3):435-452.
  
• Bakheit AMO. Management of muscle spasticity. Crit Rev Phys Med Rehab 1996; 8(3):235-252.
  
• KillesteinJ, Hoogervorst ELJ, Reif M et al. Safety, tolerability and efficacy of orally administered cannabinoids In MS. Neurology 2002; 58: 1404-1407.
  
• Penn RD, Savoy SM, Corcos D, et al. Intrathecal baclofen for severe spinal spasticity. N Engl J Med 1989; 320:1517-1521.
  
• Ochs G, Struppler A, Meyerson BA, et al. Intrathecal baclofen for long-term treatment of spasticity: A multi-centre study. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1989; 52:933-939.
  
• Jarrett L, Nandi P, Thompson AJ. Managing severe lower limb spasticity In multiple sclerosis: does Intrathecal phenol have a role? J Neurol, Neurosurg and Psychiatry (In press)
  
• Hymen N, Barnes B, Bhakta B, et al. Botulinum toxin treatment of hip adductor spasticity in multiple sclerosis: A prospective, randomised, double blind, placebo controlled dose ranging study. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2000; 68:707-712.
  

• Alusi SH, Glickman S, Aziz TZ, Bain PG. Tremor in multiple sclerosis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1999; 66:131-134. Editorial.
  
• Hallett M, Lindsey JW, Adelstein BD, Riley PO. Controlled trial of isoniazid therapy for severe postural cerebellar tremor in multiple sclerosis. Neurology 1985; 35(9):1374-1377.
  
• Koller WC. Pharmacologic trials in the treatment of cerebellar tremor. Arch Neurol 1984; 41:280-281.
  
• Rice GPA, Lescaux J, Ebers G. Ondansetron versus placebo for disabling cerebellar tremor: Final report of a randomized clinical trial. Ann Neurol 1999; 46:493.
  
• Montgomery EB, Baker KB, Kinkel RP, Barnett G. Chronic thalamic stimulation for the tremor of multiple sclerosis. Neurology 1999; 53:625-628.
  
• Schuurman PR, Andries Bosch D, Bossuyt PMM, et al. A comparison of continuous thalamic stimulation and thalamotomy for suppression of severe tremor. N Engl J Med 2000; 342:461-468.
  
• Alusi SH, Aziz TZ, Glickman S, Jahanshahi M, Stein JF, Bain PG. Stereotactic lesional surgery for the treatment of tremor in multiple sclerosis: a prospective case-controlled study. Brain 2001; 124: 1576-1589.

• Krupp LB. Mechanisms, measurement, and management of fatigue in multiple sclerosis. In: Thompson AJ, Polman C, Hohlfeld R (eds.). Multiple Sclerosis: Clinical Challenges and Controversies. London: Martin Dunitz, 1997:283-294.
  
• Comi G, Leocani L, Rossi P, Colombo B. Physiopathology and treatment of fatigue in multiple sclerosis. J.Neurol. 2001; 248: 174-179.
  
• Krupp LB, Coyle PK, Doscher C, et al. Fatigue therapy in multiple sclerosis: Results of a double-blind, randomized, parallel trial of amantadine, pemoline, and placebo. Neurology 1995; 45(11):1956-1961.
  
• Rammohan KW, Rosenberg JH, Lynn DJ, Blumenfeld AM, Pollak CP, Nagaraja HN. Efficacy and safety of modafinil (Provigil) for the treatment of fatigue in multiple sclerosis: a two centre phase 2 study. J.Neurol.Neurosurg.Psychiatry 2002; 72: 179-183.n
  
• Gillson G, Richard TL, Smith RB, Wright JV. A double-blind pilot study of the effect of Prokarin on fatigue in multiple sclerosis. Mult.Scler. 2002; 8: 30-35.
  
• van Diemen HA, Polman CH, van Dongen TM, et al. The effect of 4-aminopyridine on clinical signs in multiple sclerosis: A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, cross-over study. Ann Neurol 1992; 32(2):123-130.
  
• Multiple Sclerosis Council for Clinical Practice Guidelines. Fatigue and Multiple Sclerosis. Washington, DC: Paralyzed Veterans of America, 1998.

• MS Council for Clinical Practice Guidelines. Urinary Dysfunction and Multiple Sclerosis. Evidence-Based Management Strategies for Urinary Dysfunction in Multiple Sclerosis. Washington, DC: Paralyzed Veterans of America, 1998.
  
• Betts CD, D'Mellow MT, Fowler CJ. Urinary symptoms and the neurological features of bladder dysfunction in multiple sclerosis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1993; 56(3):245-250.
  
• Fowler CJ. Investigation of the neurogenic bladder. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1996; 60:6-13.
  
• Valiquette G, Herbert J, Maede D. Desmopressin in the management of nocturia in patients with multiple sclerosis. A double-blind, crossover trial. Arch Neurol 1996; 53:1270-1275.
  
• Vahtera T, Haaranen M, Viramo-Koskela AL, Ruutiainen J. Pelvic floor rehabilitation is effective in patients with multiple sclerosis. Clin Rehabil 1997; 11:211-219.
  

• Hinds JP, Eidelman BH, Wald A. Prevalence of bowel dysfunction in MS. Gastroenterology 1990; 98:1538-1542.
  
• Fowler CJ, Henry MM. Gastrointestinal dysfunction in MS. Semin Neurol 1996; 16:277-279.

• Zorzon M, Zivadinov R, Bosco A, et al. Sexual dysfunction in multiple sclerosis: A case-control study. 1. Frequency and comparison of groups. Multiple Sclerosis 1999; 5:418-427.
  
• Betts CD, Jones SJ, Fowler CG, Fowler CJ. Erectile dysfunction in multiple sclerosis. Associated neurological and neurophysiological deficits, and treatment of the condition. Brain 1994; 117:1303-1310.
  
• Foley FW, LaRocca NG, Sanders AS, Zemon V. Rehabilitation of intimacy and sexual dysfunction in couples with multiple sclerosis. Mult.Scler. 2001; 7: 417-421.
  

• Archibald CJ, McGrath, PJ, Ritvo PG, et al. Pain prevalence, severity and impact in a clinic sample of multiple sclerosis patients. Pain 1994; 58:89-93.
  
• Reder AT, Arnason BGW. Trigeminal neuralgia in multiple sclerosis relieved by a prostaglandin E analogue. Neurology 1995; 45:1097-1100.
  
• Khan OA. Gabapentin relieves trigeminal neuralgia in multiple sclerosis patients. Neurology 1998; 51:611-614.
  
• Broggi G, Ferroli P, Franzini A, Servello D, Dones I. Microvascular decompression for trigeminal neuralgia: Comments on a series of 250 cases, including 10 patients with multiple sclerosis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2000; 68:59-64

• Rao SM, Leo GJ, Ellington L, et al. Cognitive dysfunction in multiple sclerosis. II. Impact on employment and social functioning. Neurology 1991; 41:692-696.
  
• Jonnsson A, Korfitzen EM, Heltberg A, Ravnborg MH, Byskov-Ottosen, E. Effects of neuropsychological treatment in patients with multiple sclerosis. Acta Neurol Scand 1993; 88:394-400.
  
• Plohmann AM, Kappos L, Ammann W, et al. Computer assisted retraining of attentional impairments in patients with multiple sclerosis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1998; 64:455-462.

• Starck M, Albrecht H, Pollmann W, Straube A, Dieterich M. Drug therapy for acquired pendular nystagmus in multiple sclerosis. J Neurol 1997; 244:9-16.
  
• Abraham S, Scheinberg LC, Smith CR, LaRocca NG. Neurologic impairment and disability status in outpatients with multiple sclerosis reporting dysphagia symptomatology. J Neuro Rehab 1997; 11(1):7-13.
  
• Howard RS, Wiles CM, Hirsch NP, et al. Respiratory involvement in multiple sclerosis. Brain 1992; 115:479-494.
  Psychiatrische und psychologische Funktionsstörungen
  
• Ron MA, Logsdail SJ. Psychiatric morbidity in multiple sclerosis: A clinical and MRI study. Psychol Med 1989; 19:887-895.

• Thompson AJ, Hobart JC. Multiple sclerosis: Assessment of disability and disability scales. J Neurol 1998; 245(4):189-196.
  
• Jonsson A, Dock J, Ravnborg MH. Quality of life as a measure of rehabilitation outcome in patients with multiple sclerosis. Acta Neurol Scand 1996; 93:229-235.
  
• Sharrack B, Hughes RAC, Soudain S, Dunn G. The psychometric properties of clinical rating scales used in multiple sclerosis. Brain 1999; 122:141-160.
  
• Fischer JS, LaRocca NG, Miller DM, et al. Recent developments in the assessment of quality of life in multiple sclerosis (MS). Multiple Sclerosis 1999; 5:251-260.
  
• Cella DF, Dineen K, Arnason B, et al. Validation of the functional assessment of multiple sclerosis quality of life instrument. Neurology 1996; 47(1): 129-139.
  
• Vickrey BG, Hays RD, Harooni R, Myers LW, Ellison GW. A health-related quality of life measure for multiple sclerosis. Qual Life Res 1995; 4(3): 187-206.
  
• Rossiter DA, Edmondson A, Al-Shahi R, Thompson AJ. Integrated care pathways in multiple sclerosis: Completing the audit cycle. Multiple Sclerosis 1998; 4:85-89.
  
• Jonsson A, Ravnborg MH. Rehabilitation in multiple sclerosis. Phys Rehab Med 1998; 10(1):75-100.
  
• Freeman JA, Langdon DW, Hobart JC, Thompson AJ. The impact of inpatient rehabilitation on progressive multiple sclerosis. Ann Neurol 1997; 42(2):236-244.
  
• Solari A, Filippini G, Gasco P, et al. Physical rehabilitation has a positive effect on disability in multiple sclerosis patients. Neurology 1999; 52(1): 57-62.
  
• Di Fabio RP, Soderberg J, Choi T, Hansen CR, Schapiro RT. Extended outpatient rehabilitation: Its influence on symptom frequency, fatigue and functional status for persons with progressive multiple sclerosis. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1998; 79(2):141-146.
  
• Aisen ML, Sevilla D, Fox N. Inpatient rehabilitation for multiple sclerosis. J Neuro Rehab 1996; 10:43-46.
  
• Freeman JA, Langdon DW, Hobart JC, Thompson AJ. Inpatient rehabilitation in multiple sclerosis: Do the benefits carry over into the community? Neurology 1999; 52:50-56.
  
• Petajan JH, Gappmaier E, White AT, et al. Impact of aerobic training on fitness and quality of life in multiple sclerosis. Ann Neurol 1996; 39(4):432-441.
  
• Hatch J, Johnson J, Thompson AJ. Standards of health care for people with MS. MS Management 1999; 5:16-25.
  
• Wiles CM, Newcombe RG, Fuller KJ, et al. A controlled, randomised, crossover trial of the effects of physiotherapy on mobility on chronic multiple sclerosis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2001; 70.
  
• Mostert S, Kesselring J. Effects of short-term exercise training programme on aerobic fitness, fatigue, health perception and activity level of subjects with multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler 2002; 8: 161-168.
  
• Freeman J, Ford H, Mattison P,Thompson AJ, Ridley J, Haffenden S. Developing MS Healthcare Standards : evidence-based recommendations for service providers. MS Society of Great Britain and Northern Ireland 2002.
  
• Pozzilli C, Brunetti M, Amicosante AMV et al. Home based management In multiple sclerosis: results of a randomised