Multiple sclerosis can be a difficult disease to diagnose as well as to treat. Unfortunately there is no single laboratory or other type of test that provides a definitive diagnosis. While in the past diagnosing MS might have taken years, requiring the individual to be seen by numerous specialists before arriving at the correct diagnosis, today, fortunately, the situation is very different.

There are a number of aspects that have evolved over the years that contribute to this progress, including accepted diagnostic criteria and better instrumentation that permits an earlier and more accurate diagnosis. MS specialists are more knowledgeable than ever before about different disease courses and the complexities of making the diagnosis. General practitioners have access to more information, which hopefully helps them make appropriate and more timely referrals to specialists.

One aspect that has not changed over the years is the fact that an accurate diagnosis of MS is still based on the medical history, a neurological examination and various tests. The diagnosis of MS continues to depend on the skill of the specialist in asking the right questions and interpreting the answers.

Progress through collaborative initiatives has helped specialists to refine the identification of disease courses, also called subtypes or patterns of progression. Understanding the disease pattern, at the time of diagnosis as well as throughout the course of the disease, helps specialists in making appropriate treatment decisions.

Yet MS remains unpredictable. Many of those with relapsing-remitting MS live in fear of developing the secondary progressive form. Furthermore, information about the different courses of MS can be useful in planning and tailoring services that meet the needs of people with MS with specific disease characteristics.

This issue of MS in focus provides detailed descriptions of the various types of MS and how each is diagnosed and treated – and the glossary on page 27 defines some unfamiliar terms. We hope that this information is useful for healthcare professionals as well as for people with MS.I look forward to receiving your comments.

Michele Messmer Uccelli, Editor

Editorial statement
The content of MS in focus is based on professional knowledge and experience. The Editor and authors endeavour to provide relevant and up-to-date information. The views and opinions expressed may not be the views of MSIF.
Information provided through MS in focus is not intended as a substitute for advice, prescription or recommendation from a physician or other healthcare professional. For specific, personalised information, consult your healthcare provider. MSIF does not approve, endorse or recommend specific products or services, but provides information to assist people in making their own decisions.