The preceding section underlines the wide range of symptoms that may occur in MS, many of which coexist and interact. A successful management strategy must account for the complex pattern of disability that results, together with the possibility that treating one symptom may worsen another. It also is apparent that comprehensive management will invariably require a number of different approaches, including the provision of information, patient education, therapy from a range of disciplines, and drug treatment. Finally, the variable and fluctuating nature of MS means that the needs of the individual patient will change over time, often quite abruptly, and, for many, these needs will increase over time.

The philosophy of rehabilitation, which emphasizes patient education and self-management, is ideally suited to meet the complex and variable needs of MS. Rehabilitation aims to improve independence and quality of life by maximizing ability and participation. It has been defined by the World Health Organization as “an active process by which those disabled by injury or disease achieve a full recovery or if a full recovery is not possible realize their optimal physical, mental and social potential and are integrated into their most appropriate environment.”

The essential components of successful rehabilitation, outlined in a helpful document from the European MS Platform (EMSP) include:
1. Expert multidisciplinary assessment
2. Goal-orientated programmes
3. Evaluation of impact on patient and goal achievement