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[2008 updates are highlighted in red]
The treatment of individual symptoms is discussed in this section, bearing in mind that the majority of people have multiple symptoms that interact in a complex and disabling fashion. For example, poor mobility may result from any or all of the following impairments: lower limb and truncal weakness, spasticity, cerebellar ataxia, reduced sensory input, and visual symptoms. Similarly, fatigue, mood disturbance, and cognitive dysfunction also interact and may complicate both evaluation and subsequent management. Even when considering individual symptoms, it is essential to appreciate that drug treatment is of limited value but often is optimally used in association with therapy. For example, spasticity can rarely be managed by oral agents alone, but it may be greatly helped by a combination of education, physical therapy and medication. Patient education is particularly important in the management of symptoms such as spasticity, in which basic practical issues such as posture, standing programme, and so forth are crucial, but it applies equally to most, if not all, other symptoms such as ataxia, fatigue, and pain.
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