| Description: |
Kava kava contains compounds known as kavapyrones or kavalactones. These compounds interact with specific proteins in the brain known as GABA-A receptors. These are the same proteins that mediate the actions of some anti-anxiety drugs, which including diazepam (Valium®) and clonazepam (Klonopin®). |
| Rationale: |
Kava kava contains compounds known as kavapyrones or kavalactones. These compounds interact with specific proteins in the brain known as GABA-A receptors. These are the same proteins that mediate the actions of some anti-anxiety drugs, which including diazepam (Valium®) and clonazepam (Klonopin®). |
| Evaluation: |
On the basis of several clinical trials of kava kava, this herb may be an effective therapy for mild anxiety. It is probably nott effective for more severe forms of anxiety. It is sometimes claimed to be an effective treatment for insomnia, but it has only undergone limited study for this condition. |
| Risks: |
In the past, kava kava was considered a generally safe herb. However, in 2001 there were reports of significant liver toxicity. Over the next few years, there were more than 50 reports of kava kava-associated liver toxicity, some of which led to death or liver transplantation. Kava kava is now banned in Europe and Canada. In the United States, the FDA (Food and Drug Administration) has issued advisories about the herb. Kava kava may also cause sedation, which could worsen MS fatigue or increase the sedating effects of alcohol and some medications. Other side effects include dizziness, gastrointestinal upset, and headaches. High doses may cause skin reactions, breathing and visual difficulties, and other serious side-effects. |
| Costs: |
Kava kava is relatively inexpensive. |
| Committee opinion: |
In the opinion of the Committee, kava kava may cause serious liver toxicity and other side-effects. It is inexpensive and possibly effective for mild anxiety. |
