| Description: |
Zinc is a mineral that plays an important role in many biological processes, including the functioning of the immune system and the synthesis and breakdown of essential molecules in the body. It is sometimes recommended as a therapy for MS. In the 1880s, zinc phosphate, a form of zinc, was actually used as a treatment for MS. |
| Rationale: |
The reason that zinc is recommended for MS is not always clear. Sometimes it is recommended because it is involved in the biochemical pathway of the polyunsaturated fatty acids (see below under “Diets”). In addition, zinc has effects on immune system function. |
| Evaluation: |
There are no well-designed clinical studies that have evaluated the effects of zinc supplementation on MS. Although polyunsaturated fatty acids may have a therapeutic effect in MS, it is not clear that zinc supplements taken along with polyunsaturated fatty acids provide any additional therapeutic effect. Zinc has multiple effects on the immune system, including the activation of immune cells known as T cells. Zinc supplements may cause worsening in the animal model of MS. There are reports of people with high blood levels of zinc (and low blood levels of copper) who develop an MS-like condition (“copper-deficiency myelopathy”), and limited studies indicate a possible increased risk of MS in people exposed to high environmental levels of zinc. |
| Risks: |
Due to the immune-stimulating effect of zinc and the possible association of high zinc levels with an MS-like condition, zinc supplements pose theoretical risks in people with MS. Chronic use of high doses may cause copper deficiency, which may produce neurological symptoms that are similar to those of MS. Chronic, high dose zinc may also impair immune function and adversely affect cholesterol levels. |
| Costs: |
Zinc supplements are inexpensive. |
| Committee opinion: |
In the opinion of the Committee, zinc is a low-cost therapy with theoretical risks and no known beneficial effect in MS. High doses of zinc may produce multiple side-effects, including neurological symptoms that may be similar to those of MS. |
