Revisiones generales

• Thompson AJ. Symptomatic treatment in multiple sclerosis. Curr Opin Neurol 1998;11:305-309.


• Kesselring J, Thompson AJ. Spasticity, ataxia and fatigue in multiple sclerosis. In: Miller DH (ed). Baillière’s Clinical Neurology. International Practice and Research: Multiple Sclerosis. London: Bailliére Tindall, 1997.


• Schapiro RT, Baumhefner RW, Tourtellotte WW. Multiple Sclerosis: A Clinical viewpoint to management. In Raine CS, McFarland HT, Tourtellotte WW. Multiple Sclerosis: Clinical and Pathogenetic Base. London: Chapman and Hall, 1997.

• Sheean G. pathophysiology of spasticity. In: Sheean G (ed.). Spasticity Rehabilitation. Edinburgh: Churchill Communications Europe Ltd., 1998:17-38.


• Barnes MP. Local treatment of spasticity. In: Baillière’s Clinical Neurology. Vol. 2. London: Baillière Tindall 1993:55-71.


• Thompson AJ. Spasticity rehabilitation: A rational approach to clinical management. In: Sheean C (ed.). Spasticity Rehabilitation. Edinburgh: Churchill Communications Europe Ltd., 1998:51-56.


• Hattab JR. Review of European clinical trials with baclofen. In: Feldman RG, Young RR, Koella WP (eds.). Spasticity: Disordered Motor Control. Chicago: Year Book;1980:71-85.


• Wagstaff AJ, Bryson HM. Tizanidine: A review of its pharmacology, clinical efficacy and tolerability in the management of spasticity associated with cerebral and spinal disorders. Drugs 1997; 53(3):435-452.


• Bakheit AMO. Management of muscle spasticity. Crit Rev Med Rehab 1996; 8(3):235-252.


• Penn RD, Savoy SM, Corcos D, et al. Intrathecal baclofen for severe spinal spasticity. N Engl I Med 1989; 320:1517-1521.


• Ochs G, Struppler A, Meyerson BA et al. Intrathecal baclofen for long-term treatment of spasticity: A multi-centre study. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1989;52:933-939.


• Hymen N, Barnes B, Bhakta B et al. Botulinum toxin treatment of hip adductor spasticity in multiple sclerosis: A prospective, randomised, double blind, placebo controlled dose ranging study. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2000; 68:707-712.

• Alusi SH, Glickman S, Aziz TZ, Bain PG. Tremor in multiple sclerosis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1999; 66:131-134. Editorial.


• Hallet M, Lindsey JW, Adelstein BD, Riley PO. Controlled trial of isoniazid therapy for severe postural cerebellar tremor in multiple sclerosis. Neurology 1985; 35(9):1374-1377.


• Koller WC. Pharmacologic trials in the treatment of cerebellar tremor. Arch Neurol 1984; 41:280-281.


• Rice GPA, Lescaux J, Ebers G. Ondansetron versus placebo for disabling cerebellar tremor: Final report of a randomized clinical trial. Ann Neurol 1999; 46:493.


• Montgomery EB, Baker KB, Kinkel RP, Barnett G. Chronic thalamic stimulation for the tremor of multiple sclerosis. Neurology 1999; 53:625-628.


• Schuurman PR, Andries BoschD, Bossuyt PMM et al. A comparison of continuous thalamic stimulation and thalamotomy for suppression of severe tremor. N Engl J Med 2000; 342:461-468.

• Krupp LB. Mechanisms, measurement, and management of fatigue in multiple sclerosis. In: Thompson AJ, Polman C, Hohlfield R (eds.). Multiple Sclerosis: Clinical Challenges and Controversies. London: martin Dunitz, 1997: 283-294.


• Krupp LB, Coyle PK, Doscher C et al. Fatigue therapy in multiple sclerosis: Results of a double-blind, randomized, parallel trial of amantadine, pemoline, and placebo. Neurology 1995; 45(11):1956-1961.


• Van Diemen HA, Polman CH, Van Dongen TM, et al. The effect of 4-aminopyrinine on clinical signs in multiple sclerosis: A randomized, placebo-controlled, double blind, cross-over study. Ann Neurol 1992; 32(2):123-130.


• Multiple Sclerosis Council for Clinical Practice Guidelines. Fatigue and Multiple Sclerosis: Washington, DC: Paralyzed Veterans of America. 1998.

• MS Council for Clinical Practice Guidelines. Urinary Dysfunction and Multiple Sclerosis. Evidence-Based Management Strategies for Urinary Dysfunction in Multiple Sclerosis. Washington, DC: Paralyzed Veterans of America, 1998.


• Betts CD, D’Mellow MT, Fowler CJ. Urinary symptoms and the neurological features of bladder dysfunction in multiple sclerosis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1993; 56(3):245-250.


• Fowler CJ. Investigation of the neurogenic bladder. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1996; 60:6-13.


• Valiquette G, Herbert J, Maede D. Desmopressin in the management of nocturia in patients with multiple sclerosis. A double-blind, crossover trial. Arch Neurol 1996; 53:1270-1275.


• Vahtera T, Haaranen M, Viramo-Koskela AL, Ruutiainen J. Pelvis floor rehabilitation is effective in patients with multiple sclerosis. Clin Rehabil 1997; 11:211-219.

• Hinds JP, Eidelman BH, Wald A. Prevalence of bowel dysfunction in MS. Gastroenterology 1990; 98:1538-1542.


• Fowler CJ, Henry MM. Gastrointestinal dysfunction in MS. Semin Neurol 1996; 16:277-279.

• Zorzon M, Zivadinov R, Bosco A et al. Sexual dysfunction in multiple sclerosis: A case-control study. 1. Frequency and comparison of groups. Multiple Sclerosis 1999; 5:418-427.


• Betts CD, Jones SJ, Fowler CG, Fowler CJ, Erectile dysfunction in multiple sclerosis. Associated neurological and neurophysiological deficits, and treatment of the condition. Brain 1994; 117:1303-1310.

• Archibald CJ, McGrath PJ, Ritvo PG et al. Pain prevalence, severity and impact in a clinic sample of multiple sclerosis patients. Pain 1994; 58:89-93.


• Reder AT, Arnason BGW. Trigeminal neuralgia in multiple sclerosis relieved by a prostaglandin E analogue. Neurology 1995; 45:1097-110.


• Khan OA. Gabapentin relieves trigeminal neuralgia in multiple sclerosis patients. Neurology 1998; 51:611-614.


• Broggi G, Ferroli P, Franzini A, Servello A, Dones I. Microvascular decompression for trigeminal neuralgia: Comments on a series of a 250 cases, including 10 patients with multiple sclerosis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2000; 68:59-64.

• Rao SM, Leo GJ, Ellington L, et al. Cognitive dysfunction in multiple sclerosis. II. Impact on employment and social functioning. Neurology 1991; 41:692-696.


• Jonnsson A, Korfitzen EM, Heltberg A, Ravnborg MH, Byskov-Ottosen E. Effects of neuropsychological treatment in patients with multiple sclerosis. Acta Neurol Scand 1993; 88:394-400.


• Plohmann AM, Kappos L, Ammann W et al. Computer assisted retraining of attentional impairments in patients with multiple sclerosis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1998; 64:455-462.

• Starck M, Albrecht H, Pollmann W, Straube A, Dieterich M. Drug therapy for acquired pendular nystagmus in multiple sclerosis. J Neurol 1997; 244:9-16.

Abraham S, Scheinberg LC, Smith CR, LaRocca NG. Neurologic impairment and disability status in outpatients with multiple sclerosis reporting dysphagia symptomatology. J Neuro Rehab 1997; 11(1):7-15.

• Howard RS, Wiles CM, Hirsch NP et al. Respiratory involvement in multiple sclerosis. Brain 1992; 115: 479-494.

• Ron MA, Logsdail SJ. Psychiatric morbidity in multiple sclerosis: A clinical and MRI study. Psychol Med 1989; 19:887-895.

• Thompson AJ, Hobart JC. Multiple sclerosis: Assessment of disability and disability scales. J Neurol 1998; 245(4): 189-196.


• Jonsson A, Dock J, Ravnborg MH. Quality of live as a measure of rehabilitation outcome in patients with multiple sclerosis. Acta Neurol Scand 1996; 93:229-235.


• Sharrack B, Hughes RAC, Soudain S, Dunn G. The psychometric properties of clinical rating scales used in multiple sclerosis. Brain 1999;122:141-160.


• Fischer JS, LaRocca NG, Miller DM et al. Recent developments in the assessment of quality of life in multiple sclerosis (MS). Multiple Sclerosis 1999; 5:251-260.


• Cella DF, Dineen K, Arnason B et al. Validation of the functional assessment of multiple sclerosis quality of life instrument. Neurology 1996; 47(1): 129-139.


• Vickrey BG, Hays RD, Harooni R, Myers LW, Ellison GW. A health-related quality of life measure for multiple sclerosis. Qual Life Res 1995;4(4):187-206.


• Rossiter DA, Edmondson A, Al-Shahi R, Thompson AJ. Integrated care pathways in multiple sclerosis: Completing the audit cycle. Multiple Sclerosis 1998; 4:85-89.


• Jonsson A, Ravnborg MH. Rehabilitation in multiple sclerosis. Phys Rehab Med 1998; 10(1):75-100.


• Freeman JA, Langdon DW, Hobart JC, Thompson AJ et al. The impact of inpatient rehabilitation on progressive multiple sclerosis patients. Neurology 1997; 42(2):236-244.


• Solari A, Filippini G, Gasco P et al. Physical rehabilitation has a positive effect on disability in multiple sclerosis patients. Neurology 1999; 52(1):57-62.


• Di Fabio RP, Soderberg J, Choi T, Hansen CR, Schapiro RT. Extended outpatient rehabilitation: Its influence on symptom frequency, fatigue and functional status for persons with progressive multiple sclerosis. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1998;79(2):141-146.


• Aisen ML, Sevilla D, Fox N. Inpatient rehabilitation for multiple sclerosis. J Neuro Rehab 1996; 10:43-46.


• Freeman JA, LangdonDW, Hobart JC, Thompson AJ. Inpatient rehabilitation in multiple sclerosis: Do the benefits carry over into the community?. Neurology 1999; 52:50-56.


• Petajan JH, Gappmaier E, White AT, et al. Impact of aerobic training on fitness and quality of life in multiple sclerosis. Ann Neurol 1996; 39(4):432-441.


• Hatch J, Johnson J, Thompson AJ. Standards of health care for people with MS. MS management 1999; 5:16-25.


• Pozzilli C, Pisani A, Palmisano L, Battaglia MA, Fieschi C and the Roman Home Care Multiple Sclerosis Group. Service location in multiple sclerosis: Home or hospital. In: Fredrikson S, Link H (eds.). Advances in Multiple Sclerosis: Clinical Research and Therapy. London: Martin Dunitz.1999:173-180.


• Wiles CM, Newcombe RG, Fuller KJ, et al. A controlled, randomized, crossover trial of the effects of physiotherapy on mobility on chronic multiple sclerosis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2001; 70:174-179.